Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a collection of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect people’s ability to communicate, learn, behave, and interact socially. People may have recurring and distinctive behavioral patterns or limiting interests. These symptoms, which commonly appear in early childhood and interfere with daily functioning, are not widely present in people with ASD. ASD can affect both children and adults, and if you suspect any signs of ASD, you can visit the best neurology hospital in Hyderabad.
The term “spectrum” refers to a range of symptoms, skills, and levels of functional disability that people with ASD might experience. Some children and adults with ASD are entirely capable of doing all daily activities, while others require significant assistance.
Autism spectrum disorder reveals itself in early childhood and leads to social, educational, and occupational difficulties. Autism signs appear as early as the first year in children. A small percentage of children appear to develop normally in the first year but then experience regression between the ages of 18 and 24 months, when they begin to show signs of autism.
While autism spectrum disorder has no cure, effective, early treatment can make a significant difference in the lives of many children.
Types of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Experts previously discussed many varieties of autism, including autistic disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disability not otherwise defined (PDD-NOS). However, they are now collectively referred to as “autism spectrum disorders.”
Asperger’s Syndrome
On the autism spectrum, this is on the milder end. A person with Asperger’s syndrome may be quite brilliant and capable of managing their daily activities. They may be intensely interested in some issues and talk about them relentlessly. However, they have a considerably more difficult time socially.
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD-NOS)
Under PDD-NOS, children exert severe symptoms, more than Asperger’s syndrome but not as intense as an autistic disorder.
Autistic Disorder
This older term is farther than Asperger’s and PDD-NOS on the autism spectrum. It comprises the same symptoms but on a more severe scale.
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Children with Childhood Disintegrative Disorder frequently acquire seizure problems. This was the most severe and rare part of the spectrum. It defines children who lose considerable social, verbal, and mental skills between 2 and 4.
Is Rett Syndrome an Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Rett syndrome has symptoms that are comparable to autism. Therefore, it was previously classified as a spectrum disorder. However, since it is now known to be caused by a genetic mutation, it is no longer classified as an ASD.
Signs and Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Early indicators of ASD in children include diminished eye contact, a lack of responsiveness to their names, and apathy toward caretakers. By the age of two, signs are usually visible in the child. Other children may develop appropriately for the first several months or years but become distant, violent, or lose language skills. Here are a few autism spectrum disorder symptoms:
Social Communication and Interaction Skills
For those with ASD, social communication and interaction skills might be difficult. Social communication and social interaction characteristics linked to ASD include the following:
• Avoids or fails to maintain eye contact
• By nine months of age, does not respond to their name.
• By nine months of age, they do not show facial expressions such as happiness, sadness, anger, or surprise.
• By 12 months, They do not play simple interactive games.
• By the age of 12 months, they make little or no gestures (for example, do not wave goodbye)
• By the age of 15 months, they do not share interests with others (for example, show you an object that they like)
• By the age of 18 months, there is no purpose in showing you something interesting.
• By 24 months, they do not notice when others are injured or unhappy.
• By 36 months, they do not interact with other children and join them in play.
• By 48 months, they do not pretend to be someone else during play, such as a teacher or a superhero.
• Does not sing, dance, or act for you before the age of 60 months.
Restricted or Repetitive Behaviors or Interests
People with ASD may exhibit unique behaviors or interests. These actions or interests differentiate ASD from conditions defined only by social communication and interaction difficulties. The examples include,
• When the order of toys or other objects is disturbed, he becomes upset.
• Frequently repeats words or phrases.
• A repeated pattern of playing with toys.
• Minor changes irritate him.
• Has excessive passions
• Specific routines must be followed.
• Has strange reactions to objects that sound, smell, taste, look, or feel.
Other Characteristics
Most people with ASD have other related characteristics. These might include
• Language skills are delayed.
• Skills in delayed movement
• Cognitive or learning skills that are delayed
• Inattentive, impulsive, or hyperactive behavior
• Seizures are a type of epilepsy.
• Unusual sleeping and eating patterns
• Irritable bowel syndrome (for example, constipation)
• Unusual emotional or mood reactions
• Lack of fear, anxiety, tension, or extreme worry
If you notice any symptoms, visit the best neuro specialist hospital in Hyderabad and get your closed ones cured at the early stages.
Causes
There is no single cause for ASD. Given the disorder’s intricacy, varying symptoms, and severity, there are multiple causes. Both genetics and the environment could be factors.
Genetics
Autism spectrum disorder appears to be caused by several distinct genes. ASD can be linked to a genetic condition such as Rett syndrome or fragile X syndrome in some children.
Environmental Factors
Researchers are currently investigating do viral infections, medicines, pregnancy complications, and air pollution play a role in the onset of autism spectrum disease.
Complications
Problems with social interactions, communication, and behavior can lead to:
• Difficulties in school and with successful learning
• Employment problems
• Inability to live independently
• Social isolation
• Stress within the family
• Victimization and being bullied
How is Autism Spectrum Disorder Treated?
There is currently no cure for ASD. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and medication can help with some symptoms. Educational and behavioral treatments are intended to alleviate and can significantly enhance them.
The Autism spectrum disorder treatment plan combines therapies and interventions to address the individual’s specific needs. The majority of medical specialists agree that the earlier an intervention is implemented, the better. For an ensuring diagnosis, visit the best Neuro Specialist Hospital In Hyderabad.
Educational/Behavioral Interventions:
Many children with ASD have significantly benefited from early behavioral/educational therapy. Therapists employ highly structured and intensive skill-oriented training sessions to assist children in developing social and language skills which reward positive behaviors while discouraging negative ones. Furthermore, family counseling for parents and siblings of children with ASD can often assist families in managing the challenges of raising a kid with ASD.
Family Therapies
It is one of the autism spectrum disorder cures. Parents and other family members can learn to play and interact with their children to enhance social interaction skills, control problem behaviors, and teach daily living skills and communication to their children.
Medications
The Autism Spectrum Disorder Test will help you discover whether you have any usual symptoms. Although no drug may treat the primary symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, it can regulate symptoms. For example, if your child is hyperactive, certain medications may be provided; antipsychotic drugs may be prescribed to treat severe behavioral problems; antidepressants may manage anxiety.
Some vitamins and medicines can interact, resulting in serious side effects. So be careful and keep all of your child’s doctors informed about any medications or supplements.
The Final Word
Having an autistic child has an impact on the entire family. It can be exhausting and time-consuming. It is vital to pay attention to the physical and emotional wellness of the whole family. Here are a few tips for the parents to maintain balance among their children, Learn as much as possible about ASD (autism spectrum disorder), connect with other parents of children with autism, and seek professional help for specific concerns. You can find the best team in the Department of Neurology with a simple online search,” an autism spectrum disorder doctor near me.”
